
This weekend marks 25 years since the controversial US-led invasion of Grenada in 1983. Check a quick recap of the events below…
On October 19, 1983, Bernard Coard, a hard-line communist, led a coup against the government of Maurice Bishop. Though Bishop was cooperating with Cuba & Russia on various trade and foreign policy issues, Bishop sought to maintain a “non-aligned” status, and so was deemed insufficiently revolutionary by Marxists in his government. A few days later Bishop and several of his followers were executed by the Coard regime, which then put the island under martial law. For four days no one was allowed to leave their homes, under threat of summary execution, and over 1000 American medical students became de facto hostages of the regime. On October 25, Grenada was liberated by combined forces from the United States, the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), Jamaica, and Barbados. The U.S. stated this was done at the behest of Dame Eugenia Charles, of Dominica. Five other Caribbean nations participated with Dominica and the USA in the campaign against the Cuban and Grenadan forces, called Operation Urgent Fury. While the Governor-General, Sir Paul Scoon, later stated that he had also requested the invasion, it was highly criticised by the governments of the United Kingdom, Trinidad and Tobago and Canada. The United Nations General Assembly condemned it as “a flagrant violation of international law” by a vote of 108 in favor to 9, with 27 abstentions.
After the invasion of the island nation, the pre-revolutionary Grenadan constitution was resumed. Many Cuban soldiers who had escaped into the countryside seeking to avoid being forced to return to communist Cuba were corralled in by the locals over the subsequent weeks, who were given the extra incentive of a cash bounty for each captured Cuban. Graffiti thanking the United States for liberating Grenada is still seen today on the streets of St. George’s.
Eighteen members of the PRG and the PRA (army) were arrested after the invasion on charges related to the murder of Maurice Bishop and seven others. The eighteen included the top political leadership of Grenada at the time of the execution as well as the entire military chain of command directly responsible for the operation that led to the executions. Fourteen were sentenced to death, one was found not guilty and three were sentenced to forty-five years in prison. The death sentences were eventually commuted to terms of imprisonment. Those in prison have become known as the Grenada 17.
For a full recap of the events, click here. Also, check out a quick video recap, pulled from the 1983 CNN Archives, after the jump…
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